Abstract

In the present investigation, a hybrid solar tunnel dryer was developed realizing the demand for large capacity commercial units utilizing different energy sources for better moisture removal. A 5000 kg solar tunnel dryer was developed for dehydration of grapes by utilizing the solar energy (heat and photovoltaic) and fuel energy for improving the drying time. The dimensions of the developed large capacity dryer were 28.0 m length, 5.8 m width and 2.1 m height with four shelves having four layers in each shelf for loading 5000 kg of grapes. The dryer was provided with electric heating system (2.41 kWh) energy to supplement heat during night and cloudy days. The air flow rate of blower was calculated to be 1090 m3/min for removal of evaporated moisture from the dryer. The performance evaluation of the dryer at full load condition recorded the drying time of 124 hours (5 days) for drying the grapes from 329.18 to 25.63% moisture content (d.b.) at an average drying temperature of 40oC. The average drying rate was 0.03 kg/h/kg of dry matter. The quality characteristics viz., TSS, acidity, water activity and reducing sugars were recorded to be 55-58obrix, 1.9%, 0.51 and 63.8%, respectively. The colour values (L*, a* and b*) of the dried grapes were 38.14, 15.56 and 28.60, respectively representing bright greenish colour and acceptable for export and commercial trade.